Katastrální úřad: Co potřebujete vědět o pozemcích, hranicích a dokumentech

When you buy a house or plot, the katastrální úřad, úřad, který spravuje úplný přehled o všech nemovitostech v Česku, včetně hranic, vlastníků a typů pozemků. Also known as katastr nemovitostí, it is the official source of truth for land ownership and boundaries — not your realtor, not your neighbor, not even your deed. If you’re buying, building, or even just fencing your yard, you’re dealing with the katastrální úřad — whether you realize it or not.

Many people think the katastrální úřad is just a paperwork office that sits quietly in the town hall. But it’s actually the backbone of every property transaction. When you get a PENB for your future home, it references the exact parcel number from the katastr. When you calculate your tax on a property sale, the base amount comes from the recorded value in the katastr. Even when you argue with your neighbor about where the fence should go, the final say comes from the cadastral map — not your memory or a rusty stake.

You don’t need to become a land surveyor, but you should know what documents to ask for: katastrální mapu, výpis z katastru nemovitostí, and the označení hranic. These aren’t optional — they’re the legal proof of what you’re buying. A friend of mine bought a house in Žatec and later found out the garden he thought was his was actually public land. The mistake? He never checked the cadastral map. That’s not rare. It’s predictable.

The katastrální úřad also connects to other things you care about. If you’re applying for a construction loan, they’ll need the parcel number. If you’re planning to split your land, you need their approval. If you’re selling and want to avoid tax surprises, the recorded value in the katastr affects your tax base. Even the energy performance certificate (PENB) ties back to the cadastral parcel — because the system knows which building sits on which plot.

And here’s the kicker: the information isn’t always up to date. A house might be registered as a barn. A boundary might be based on a 1970s survey. That’s why you always get the latest výpis — not the one your seller gave you five years ago. And if something looks off? You can request a cadastral survey. It costs a few thousand, but it’s cheaper than a lawsuit.

The posts below aren’t just about dveře or paint. They’re about the real world you live in — where a misaligned fence, an outdated cadastral record, or a wrong tax calculation can cost you thousands. You’ll find guides on how to read PENB documents, how to calculate tax on property sales, and how to avoid surprises when buying land. All of it connects back to the katastrální úřad. Because no matter how nice your new door is, it still stands on a plot of land that’s recorded somewhere — and someone has to know where.