Pronájem bytu: co potřebujete vědět o nájmu, nákladech a právních tipech

When you sign a rental agreement, you're not just paying for four walls — you're entering a system shaped by pronájem bytu, proces, kdy jedna strana platí druhé za právo používat byt na dobu určitou. Also known as nájem, it's the most common way Czechs live, especially in cities where buying is out of reach. But most people don't realize how much more goes into it than just the monthly rent.

One thing that can cost you thousands is ignoring the PENB, průkaz energetické náročnosti, který ukazuje, kolik budete platit za topení. Since 2023, every rental contract in the Czech Republic must include it. A bad PENB rating means higher bills — and landlords can't hide it. If the label says F or G, you're looking at 30–50 % more on heating than in an A-rated flat. That’s not a small detail — it’s a budget-breaker.

Then there’s the nájemní smlouva, právní dokument, který stanovuje všechny podmínky nájmu — od zálohy po odpovědnost za poškození. Many tenants sign without reading the fine print. Some contracts demand you pay for repairs that are legally the landlord’s duty. Others hide extra fees for cleaning, trash, or even internet. A good contract lists exactly what’s included — and what’s not. Never accept a verbal promise. If it’s not written, it doesn’t exist.

And don’t forget the nájemní trh, systém, kde ceny se liší podle regionu, typu bytu a dokonce i počtu pokojů. Prague and Brno are expensive, yes — but cities like Ostrava, Plzeň, or České Budějovice are catching up fast. In 2025, you’ll pay more for a 50 m² flat in Hradec Králové than you did for a 70 m² in 2020. Why? Because demand is rising, and new builds are too expensive for most renters. The gap between income and rent is wider than ever.

What you’ll find below are real, practical guides written by people who’ve been there. From how to check if a landlord is legally allowed to rent out the flat, to how to negotiate lower rent by pointing out needed repairs, to why you should always take photos before moving in — these aren’t theories. They’re steps taken by Czech tenants who avoided costly mistakes.