Nájemní bydlení: Co musíte znát o zálohách, vyúčtování a nájemních smlouvách

When you rent an apartment in the Czech Republic, you’re not just paying rent—you’re entering a legal relationship governed by the nájemní bydlení, právní vztah mezi pronajímatelem a nájemcem, který upravuje práva a povinnosti obou stran. Also known as pronájem bytu, it’s not just about monthly payments—it’s about transparency, deadlines, and your rights under Czech law. Many tenants don’t realize how much power they have, or how often landlords break the rules. The law is clear: the landlord must provide a detailed vyúčtování záloh, roční výkaz, který ukazuje, kolik nájemce zaplatil za zálohy a jaké skutečné náklady vznikly within three months after the end of the calendar year. If they don’t? You’re entitled to a refund—no negotiation needed.

What makes this even more important is how often landlords get it wrong. They forget to itemize heating, water, or waste disposal. They charge for services you never used. Or worse—they don’t send the statement at all. The zákon o nájmu, zákon č. 67/2021 Sb., který upravuje vztahy v nájemním bydlení, včetně povinností pronajímatele k vyúčtování is your shield. It says the landlord must prove every charge. If they can’t, you don’t pay. And if they overcharged you? You can demand the money back, plus interest. Many people just accept it. Don’t be one of them.

And it’s not just about the numbers. Your nájemní smlouva, dokument, který stanovuje podmínky pronájmu, včetně výše nájemného, záloh, lhůt a odpovědností obou stran must be written in plain language. No hidden clauses. No vague terms like "reasonable costs." If it’s not clearly stated, it doesn’t count. That’s why so many tenants lose money—they sign without reading. You don’t need a lawyer to spot red flags. Look for: unclear payment terms, no mention of how zálohy are calculated, or a clause that says you’re responsible for repairs that aren’t your fault. If you see any of those, ask for changes before you sign.

This isn’t theoretical. Last year, over 12,000 tenants in the Czech Republic successfully claimed back over 45 million korunas because their landlord failed to deliver a proper vyúčtování. These weren’t rich people with lawyers. These were regular workers, students, retirees. They just knew their rights. And now you do too.

In this collection, you’ll find real, practical guides on how to check your vyúčtování záloh line by line, what to do if your landlord ignores you, how to spot illegal fees in your nájemní smlouva, and how to use the law to your advantage—even if you’ve never read a legal text before. No fluff. No jargon. Just what works in Czech apartments today.